642 lines
23 KiB
Rust
642 lines
23 KiB
Rust
//! # How to use cpal
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//!
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//! Here are some concepts cpal exposes:
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//!
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//! - A [**Host**](./trait.Host.html) provides access to the available audio devices on the system.
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//! Some platforms have more than one host available, but every platform supported by CPAL has at
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//! least one [**DefaultHost**](./trait.Host.html) that is guaranteed to be available.
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//! - A [**Device**](./trait.Device.html) is an audio device that may have any number of input and
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//! output streams.
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//! - A stream is an open flow of audio data. Input streams allow you to receive audio data, output
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//! streams allow you to play audio data. You must choose which **Device** will run your stream
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//! before you can create one. Often, a default device can be retrieved via the **Host**.
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//! - An [**EventLoop**](./trait.EventLoop.html) is a collection of streams being run by one or
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//! more **Device**s under a single **Host**. Each stream must belong to an **EventLoop**, and
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//! all the streams that belong to an **EventLoop** are managed together.
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//!
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//! The first step is to initialise the `Host` (for accessing audio devices) and create an
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//! `EventLoop`:
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//!
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//! ```
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//! use cpal::traits::HostTrait;
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//! let host = cpal::default_host();
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//! let event_loop = host.event_loop();
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Then choose a `Device`. The easiest way is to use the default input or output `Device` via the
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//! `default_input_device()` or `default_output_device()` functions. Alternatively you can
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//! enumerate all the available devices with the `devices()` function. Beware that the
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//! `default_*_device()` functions return an `Option` in case no device is available for that
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//! stream type on the system.
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//!
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//! ```no_run
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//! # use cpal::traits::HostTrait;
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//! # let host = cpal::default_host();
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//! let device = host.default_output_device().expect("no output device available");
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Before we can create a stream, we must decide what the format of the audio samples is going to
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//! be. You can query all the supported formats with the `supported_input_formats()` and
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//! `supported_output_formats()` methods. These produce a list of `SupportedFormat` structs which
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//! can later be turned into actual `Format` structs. If you don't want to query the list of
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//! formats, you can also build your own `Format` manually, but doing so could lead to an error
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//! when building the stream if the format is not supported by the device.
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//!
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//! > **Note**: the `supported_formats()` method could return an error for example if the device
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//! > has been disconnected.
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//!
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//! ```no_run
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//! use cpal::traits::{DeviceTrait, HostTrait};
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//! # let host = cpal::default_host();
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//! # let device = host.default_output_device().unwrap();
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//! let mut supported_formats_range = device.supported_output_formats()
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//! .expect("error while querying formats");
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//! let format = supported_formats_range.next()
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//! .expect("no supported format?!")
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//! .with_max_sample_rate();
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Now that we have everything for the stream, we can create it from our event loop:
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//!
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//! ```no_run
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//! use cpal::traits::{DeviceTrait, EventLoopTrait, HostTrait};
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//! # let host = cpal::default_host();
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//! # let event_loop = host.event_loop();
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//! # let device = host.default_output_device().unwrap();
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//! # let format = device.supported_output_formats().unwrap().next().unwrap().with_max_sample_rate();
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//! let stream_id = event_loop.build_output_stream(&device, &format).unwrap();
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//! ```
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//!
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//! The value returned by `build_output_stream()` is of type `StreamId` and is an identifier that
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//! will allow you to control the stream.
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//!
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//! Now we must start the stream. This is done with the `play_stream()` method on the event loop.
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//!
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//! ```no_run
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//! # use cpal::traits::{EventLoopTrait, HostTrait};
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//! # let host = cpal::default_host();
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//! # let event_loop = host.event_loop();
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//! # let stream_id = unimplemented!();
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//! event_loop.play_stream(stream_id).expect("failed to play_stream");
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//! ```
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//!
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//! Now everything is ready! We call `run()` on the `event_loop` to begin processing.
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//!
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//! ```no_run
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//! # use cpal::traits::{EventLoopTrait, HostTrait};
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//! # let host = cpal::default_host();
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//! # let event_loop = host.event_loop();
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//! event_loop.run(move |_stream_id, _stream_result| {
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//! // react to stream events and read or write stream data here
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//! });
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//! ```
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//!
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//! > **Note**: Calling `run()` will block the thread forever, so it's usually best done in a
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//! > separate thread.
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//!
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//! While `run()` is running, the audio device of the user will from time to time call the callback
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//! that you passed to this function. The callback gets passed the stream ID and an instance of type
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//! `StreamData` that represents the data that must be read from or written to. The inner
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//! `UnknownTypeOutputBuffer` can be one of `I16`, `U16` or `F32` depending on the format that was
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//! passed to `build_output_stream`.
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//!
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//! In this example, we simply fill the given output buffer with zeroes.
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//!
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//! ```no_run
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//! use cpal::{StreamData, UnknownTypeOutputBuffer};
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//! use cpal::traits::{EventLoopTrait, HostTrait};
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//! # let host = cpal::default_host();
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//! # let event_loop = host.event_loop();
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//! event_loop.run(move |stream_id, stream_result| {
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//! let stream_data = match stream_result {
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//! Ok(data) => data,
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//! Err(err) => {
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//! eprintln!("an error occurred on stream {:?}: {}", stream_id, err);
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//! return;
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//! }
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//! _ => return,
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//! };
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//!
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//! match stream_data {
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//! StreamData::Output { buffer: UnknownTypeOutputBuffer::U16(mut buffer) } => {
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//! for elem in buffer.iter_mut() {
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//! *elem = u16::max_value() / 2;
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//! }
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//! },
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//! StreamData::Output { buffer: UnknownTypeOutputBuffer::I16(mut buffer) } => {
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//! for elem in buffer.iter_mut() {
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//! *elem = 0;
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//! }
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//! },
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//! StreamData::Output { buffer: UnknownTypeOutputBuffer::F32(mut buffer) } => {
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//! for elem in buffer.iter_mut() {
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//! *elem = 0.0;
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//! }
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//! },
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//! _ => (),
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//! }
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//! });
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//! ```
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#![recursion_limit = "512"]
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extern crate failure;
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#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
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#[macro_use]
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extern crate lazy_static;
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// Extern crate declarations with `#[macro_use]` must unfortunately be at crate root.
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#[cfg(target_os = "emscripten")]
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#[macro_use]
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extern crate stdweb;
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pub use platform::{
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ALL_HOSTS, Device, EventLoop, Host, HostId, StreamId, available_hosts,
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default_host, host_from_id,
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};
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pub use samples_formats::{Sample, SampleFormat};
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use failure::Fail;
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use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
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mod host;
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pub mod platform;
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mod samples_formats;
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pub mod traits;
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/// A host's device iterator yielding only *input* devices.
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pub type InputDevices<I> = std::iter::Filter<I, fn(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool>;
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/// A host's device iterator yielding only *output* devices.
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pub type OutputDevices<I> = std::iter::Filter<I, fn(&<I as Iterator>::Item) -> bool>;
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/// Number of channels.
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pub type ChannelCount = u16;
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/// The number of samples processed per second for a single channel of audio.
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
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pub struct SampleRate(pub u32);
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/// The format of an input or output audio stream.
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
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pub struct Format {
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pub channels: ChannelCount,
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pub sample_rate: SampleRate,
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pub data_type: SampleFormat,
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}
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/// Describes a range of supported stream formats.
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#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
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pub struct SupportedFormat {
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pub channels: ChannelCount,
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/// Minimum value for the samples rate of the supported formats.
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pub min_sample_rate: SampleRate,
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/// Maximum value for the samples rate of the supported formats.
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pub max_sample_rate: SampleRate,
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/// Type of data expected by the device.
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pub data_type: SampleFormat,
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}
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/// Stream data passed to the `EventLoop::run` callback.
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pub enum StreamData<'a> {
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Input {
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buffer: UnknownTypeInputBuffer<'a>,
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},
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Output {
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buffer: UnknownTypeOutputBuffer<'a>,
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},
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}
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/// Stream data passed to the `EventLoop::run` callback, or an error in the case that the device
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/// was invalidated or some backend-specific error occurred.
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pub type StreamDataResult<'a> = Result<StreamData<'a>, StreamError>;
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/// Represents a buffer containing audio data that may be read.
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///
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/// This struct implements the `Deref` trait targeting `[T]`. Therefore this buffer can be read the
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/// same way as reading from a `Vec` or any other kind of Rust array.
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// TODO: explain audio stuff in general
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// TODO: remove the wrapper and just use slices in next major version
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pub struct InputBuffer<'a, T: 'a>
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where
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T: Sample,
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{
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buffer: &'a [T],
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}
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/// Represents a buffer that must be filled with audio data. The buffer in unfilled state may
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/// contain garbage values.
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///
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/// This struct implements the `Deref` and `DerefMut` traits to `[T]`. Therefore writing to this
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/// buffer is done in the same way as writing to a `Vec` or any other kind of Rust array.
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// TODO: explain audio stuff in general
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// TODO: remove the wrapper and just use slices
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#[must_use]
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pub struct OutputBuffer<'a, T: 'a>
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where
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T: Sample,
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{
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buffer: &'a mut [T],
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}
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/// This is the struct that is provided to you by cpal when you want to read samples from a buffer.
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///
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/// Since the type of data is only known at runtime, you have to read the right buffer.
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pub enum UnknownTypeInputBuffer<'a> {
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/// Samples whose format is `u16`.
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U16(InputBuffer<'a, u16>),
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/// Samples whose format is `i16`.
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I16(InputBuffer<'a, i16>),
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/// Samples whose format is `f32`.
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F32(InputBuffer<'a, f32>),
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}
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/// This is the struct that is provided to you by cpal when you want to write samples to a buffer.
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///
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/// Since the type of data is only known at runtime, you have to fill the right buffer.
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pub enum UnknownTypeOutputBuffer<'a> {
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/// Samples whose format is `u16`.
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U16(OutputBuffer<'a, u16>),
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/// Samples whose format is `i16`.
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I16(OutputBuffer<'a, i16>),
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/// Samples whose format is `f32`.
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F32(OutputBuffer<'a, f32>),
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}
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/// The requested host, although supported on this platform, is unavailable.
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#[derive(Clone, Debug, Fail)]
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#[fail(display = "the requested host is unavailable")]
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pub struct HostUnavailable;
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/// Some error has occurred that is specific to the backend from which it was produced.
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///
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/// This error is often used as a catch-all in cases where:
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///
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/// - It is unclear exactly what error might be produced by the backend API.
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/// - It does not make sense to add a variant to the enclosing error type.
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/// - No error was expected to occur at all, but we return an error to avoid the possibility of a
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/// `panic!` caused by some unforseen or unknown reason.
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///
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/// **Note:** If you notice a `BackendSpecificError` that you believe could be better handled in a
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/// cross-platform manner, please create an issue or submit a pull request with a patch that adds
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/// the necessary error variant to the appropriate error enum.
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#[derive(Clone, Debug, Fail)]
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#[fail(display = "A backend-specific error has occurred: {}", description)]
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pub struct BackendSpecificError {
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pub description: String
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}
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/// An error that might occur while attempting to enumerate the available devices on a system.
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#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
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pub enum DevicesError {
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/// See the `BackendSpecificError` docs for more information about this error variant.
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#[fail(display = "{}", err)]
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BackendSpecific {
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#[fail(cause)]
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err: BackendSpecificError,
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}
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}
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/// An error that may occur while attempting to retrieve a device name.
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#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
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pub enum DeviceNameError {
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/// See the `BackendSpecificError` docs for more information about this error variant.
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#[fail(display = "{}", err)]
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BackendSpecific {
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#[fail(cause)]
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err: BackendSpecificError,
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}
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}
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/// Error that can happen when enumerating the list of supported formats.
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#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
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pub enum SupportedFormatsError {
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/// The device no longer exists. This can happen if the device is disconnected while the
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/// program is running.
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#[fail(display = "The requested device is no longer available. For example, it has been unplugged.")]
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DeviceNotAvailable,
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/// We called something the C-Layer did not understand
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#[fail(display = "Invalid argument passed to the backend. For example, this happens when trying to read capture capabilities when the device does not support it.")]
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InvalidArgument,
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/// See the `BackendSpecificError` docs for more information about this error variant.
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#[fail(display = "{}", err)]
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BackendSpecific {
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#[fail(cause)]
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err: BackendSpecificError,
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}
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}
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/// May occur when attempting to request the default input or output stream format from a `Device`.
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#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
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pub enum DefaultFormatError {
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/// The device no longer exists. This can happen if the device is disconnected while the
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/// program is running.
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#[fail(display = "The requested device is no longer available. For example, it has been unplugged.")]
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DeviceNotAvailable,
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/// Returned if e.g. the default input format was requested on an output-only audio device.
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#[fail(display = "The requested stream type is not supported by the device.")]
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StreamTypeNotSupported,
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/// See the `BackendSpecificError` docs for more information about this error variant.
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#[fail(display = "{}", err)]
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BackendSpecific {
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#[fail(cause)]
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err: BackendSpecificError,
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}
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}
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/// Error that can happen when creating a `Stream`.
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#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
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pub enum BuildStreamError {
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/// The device no longer exists. This can happen if the device is disconnected while the
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/// program is running.
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#[fail(display = "The requested device is no longer available. For example, it has been unplugged.")]
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DeviceNotAvailable,
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/// The required format is not supported.
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#[fail(display = "The requested stream format is not supported by the device.")]
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FormatNotSupported,
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/// We called something the C-Layer did not understand
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///
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/// On ALSA device functions called with a feature they do not support will yield this. E.g.
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/// Trying to use capture capabilities on an output only format yields this.
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#[fail(display = "The requested device does not support this capability (invalid argument)")]
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InvalidArgument,
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/// Occurs if adding a new Stream ID would cause an integer overflow.
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#[fail(display = "Adding a new stream ID would cause an overflow")]
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StreamIdOverflow,
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/// See the `BackendSpecificError` docs for more information about this error variant.
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#[fail(display = "{}", err)]
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BackendSpecific {
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#[fail(cause)]
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err: BackendSpecificError,
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}
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}
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/// Errors that might occur when calling `play_stream`.
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///
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/// As of writing this, only macOS may immediately return an error while calling this method. This
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/// is because both the alsa and wasapi backends only enqueue these commands and do not process
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/// them immediately.
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#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
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pub enum PlayStreamError {
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/// The device associated with the stream is no longer available.
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#[fail(display = "the device associated with the stream is no longer available")]
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DeviceNotAvailable,
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/// See the `BackendSpecificError` docs for more information about this error variant.
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#[fail(display = "{}", err)]
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BackendSpecific {
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#[fail(cause)]
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err: BackendSpecificError,
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}
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}
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/// Errors that might occur when calling `pause_stream`.
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///
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/// As of writing this, only macOS may immediately return an error while calling this method. This
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/// is because both the alsa and wasapi backends only enqueue these commands and do not process
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/// them immediately.
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#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
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pub enum PauseStreamError {
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/// The device associated with the stream is no longer available.
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#[fail(display = "the device associated with the stream is no longer available")]
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DeviceNotAvailable,
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/// See the `BackendSpecificError` docs for more information about this error variant.
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#[fail(display = "{}", err)]
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BackendSpecific {
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#[fail(cause)]
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err: BackendSpecificError,
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}
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}
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/// Errors that might occur while a stream is running.
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#[derive(Debug, Fail)]
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pub enum StreamError {
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/// The device no longer exists. This can happen if the device is disconnected while the
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/// program is running.
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#[fail(display = "The requested device is no longer available. For example, it has been unplugged.")]
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DeviceNotAvailable,
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/// See the `BackendSpecificError` docs for more information about this error variant.
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#[fail(display = "{}", err)]
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BackendSpecific {
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#[fail(cause)]
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err: BackendSpecificError,
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}
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}
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impl SupportedFormat {
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/// Turns this `SupportedFormat` into a `Format` corresponding to the maximum samples rate.
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#[inline]
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pub fn with_max_sample_rate(self) -> Format {
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Format {
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channels: self.channels,
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sample_rate: self.max_sample_rate,
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data_type: self.data_type,
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}
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}
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/// A comparison function which compares two `SupportedFormat`s in terms of their priority of
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/// use as a default stream format.
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///
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/// Some backends do not provide a default stream format for their audio devices. In these
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/// cases, CPAL attempts to decide on a reasonable default format for the user. To do this we
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/// use the "greatest" of all supported stream formats when compared with this method.
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///
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/// Formats are prioritised by the following heuristics:
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///
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/// **Channels**:
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///
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/// - Stereo
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/// - Mono
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/// - Max available channels
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///
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/// **Sample format**:
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/// - f32
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/// - i16
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/// - u16
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///
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/// **Sample rate**:
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///
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/// - 44100 (cd quality)
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/// - Max sample rate
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pub fn cmp_default_heuristics(&self, other: &Self) -> std::cmp::Ordering {
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use std::cmp::Ordering::Equal;
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use SampleFormat::{F32, I16, U16};
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let cmp_stereo = (self.channels == 2).cmp(&(other.channels == 2));
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if cmp_stereo != Equal {
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return cmp_stereo;
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}
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let cmp_mono = (self.channels == 1).cmp(&(other.channels == 1));
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if cmp_mono != Equal {
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return cmp_mono;
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}
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|
|
|
let cmp_channels = self.channels.cmp(&other.channels);
|
|
if cmp_channels != Equal {
|
|
return cmp_channels;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
let cmp_f32 = (self.data_type == F32).cmp(&(other.data_type == F32));
|
|
if cmp_f32 != Equal {
|
|
return cmp_f32;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
let cmp_i16 = (self.data_type == I16).cmp(&(other.data_type == I16));
|
|
if cmp_i16 != Equal {
|
|
return cmp_i16;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
let cmp_u16 = (self.data_type == U16).cmp(&(other.data_type == U16));
|
|
if cmp_u16 != Equal {
|
|
return cmp_u16;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
const HZ_44100: SampleRate = SampleRate(44_100);
|
|
let r44100_in_self = self.min_sample_rate <= HZ_44100
|
|
&& HZ_44100 <= self.max_sample_rate;
|
|
let r44100_in_other = other.min_sample_rate <= HZ_44100
|
|
&& HZ_44100 <= other.max_sample_rate;
|
|
let cmp_r44100 = r44100_in_self.cmp(&r44100_in_other);
|
|
if cmp_r44100 != Equal {
|
|
return cmp_r44100;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
self.max_sample_rate.cmp(&other.max_sample_rate)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'a, T> Deref for InputBuffer<'a, T>
|
|
where T: Sample
|
|
{
|
|
type Target = [T];
|
|
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn deref(&self) -> &[T] {
|
|
self.buffer
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'a, T> Deref for OutputBuffer<'a, T>
|
|
where T: Sample
|
|
{
|
|
type Target = [T];
|
|
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn deref(&self) -> &[T] {
|
|
self.buffer
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'a, T> DerefMut for OutputBuffer<'a, T>
|
|
where T: Sample
|
|
{
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T] {
|
|
self.buffer
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'a> UnknownTypeInputBuffer<'a> {
|
|
/// Returns the length of the buffer in number of samples.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
|
|
match self {
|
|
&UnknownTypeInputBuffer::U16(ref buf) => buf.len(),
|
|
&UnknownTypeInputBuffer::I16(ref buf) => buf.len(),
|
|
&UnknownTypeInputBuffer::F32(ref buf) => buf.len(),
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl<'a> UnknownTypeOutputBuffer<'a> {
|
|
/// Returns the length of the buffer in number of samples.
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
|
|
match self {
|
|
&UnknownTypeOutputBuffer::U16(ref buf) => buf.len(),
|
|
&UnknownTypeOutputBuffer::I16(ref buf) => buf.len(),
|
|
&UnknownTypeOutputBuffer::F32(ref buf) => buf.len(),
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<Format> for SupportedFormat {
|
|
#[inline]
|
|
fn from(format: Format) -> SupportedFormat {
|
|
SupportedFormat {
|
|
channels: format.channels,
|
|
min_sample_rate: format.sample_rate,
|
|
max_sample_rate: format.sample_rate,
|
|
data_type: format.data_type,
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<BackendSpecificError> for DevicesError {
|
|
fn from(err: BackendSpecificError) -> Self {
|
|
DevicesError::BackendSpecific { err }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<BackendSpecificError> for DeviceNameError {
|
|
fn from(err: BackendSpecificError) -> Self {
|
|
DeviceNameError::BackendSpecific { err }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<BackendSpecificError> for SupportedFormatsError {
|
|
fn from(err: BackendSpecificError) -> Self {
|
|
SupportedFormatsError::BackendSpecific { err }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<BackendSpecificError> for DefaultFormatError {
|
|
fn from(err: BackendSpecificError) -> Self {
|
|
DefaultFormatError::BackendSpecific { err }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<BackendSpecificError> for BuildStreamError {
|
|
fn from(err: BackendSpecificError) -> Self {
|
|
BuildStreamError::BackendSpecific { err }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<BackendSpecificError> for PlayStreamError {
|
|
fn from(err: BackendSpecificError) -> Self {
|
|
PlayStreamError::BackendSpecific { err }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<BackendSpecificError> for PauseStreamError {
|
|
fn from(err: BackendSpecificError) -> Self {
|
|
PauseStreamError::BackendSpecific { err }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
impl From<BackendSpecificError> for StreamError {
|
|
fn from(err: BackendSpecificError) -> Self {
|
|
StreamError::BackendSpecific { err }
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// If a backend does not provide an API for retrieving supported formats, we query it with a bunch
|
|
// of commonly used rates. This is always the case for wasapi and is sometimes the case for alsa.
|
|
//
|
|
// If a rate you desire is missing from this list, feel free to add it!
|
|
#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
|
|
const COMMON_SAMPLE_RATES: &'static [SampleRate] = &[
|
|
SampleRate(5512),
|
|
SampleRate(8000),
|
|
SampleRate(11025),
|
|
SampleRate(16000),
|
|
SampleRate(22050),
|
|
SampleRate(32000),
|
|
SampleRate(44100),
|
|
SampleRate(48000),
|
|
SampleRate(64000),
|
|
SampleRate(88200),
|
|
SampleRate(96000),
|
|
SampleRate(176400),
|
|
SampleRate(192000),
|
|
];
|